Copying something that already works (going from 1 to n) is very different from creating something truly new (going from 0 to 1).

• Horizontal progress means copying things that already work in new places; vertical progress means creating something that has never existed before.
• Truly new technology, more than just globalization, is what will solve many of the world's biggest problems.
• A single contrarian question drives real innovation: "What important truth do very few people agree with you on?"
• Building something genuinely new is rare and hard, but it's also where the greatest value is created.