There are two basic ways people think about their own abilities, and this difference shapes almost everything about how they live.

• A fixed mindset believes talent and intelligence are set traits you either have or don't have.
• A growth mindset believes abilities can be developed and improved through effort, good strategies, and help from others.
• A fixed mindset makes people avoid challenges, since failing would prove they "aren't smart enough."
• A growth mindset makes people welcome challenges, since effort is seen as the path to getting better.